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Lercara Friddi massacre
The Lercara Friddi massacre took place on Christmas-day (December 25) 1893 in Lercara Friddi in the Province of Palermo (Sicily) during the Fasci Siciliani uprising.〔 (Natale 1893, la strage di Lercara ), La Sicilia, December 31, 2010〕 According to different sources either seven〔 or eleven people〔Romano, (Storia della mafia ), pp.206-24〕〔Colajanni, ''(Gli avvenimenti di Sicila e le loro cause )'', pp. 178-79〕〔 Scolaro, ''(Il movimento antimafia siciliano ), p. 57〕 were killed and many wounded. (The New York Times reporting a day after the riots mentioned four people dead.〔(Four of the Mob Killed in an Anti-Tax Riot in Sicily ), The New York Times, December 27, 1893〕)
==Background of the massacre==
At the time of the uprising the town had 18,000 inhabitants and was mainly a town of sulphur miners. Working conditions in the mines were appalling, including child labour by so-called ''carusi''.〔 (Le sette vittime del Natale 1893 ), La Sicilia, December 7, 2008〕
The Fascio dei Lavoratori in Lercara Friddi had been founded between July and September 1893 among peasants and sulphur miners. On November 8, 1893, a committee was formed to negotiate with the landowners an mine-owners to improve working conditions.〔 However, the political situation was also marked by a fierce battle between the Sartorio and the Nicolosi families about who would rule th town.〔 Different "spurious" elements were present in the Fascio of Lercara Friddi that responded more to the logic of the struggle for the conquest of power between the powerful local town families, rather than the need for social emancipation of the workers.〔
Serious disagreements emerged within the Fascio, and Bernardino Verro, the charismatic leader of the Fascio in Corleone, was asked to intervene. He arrived on December 19, 1893, and found a chaotic situation and irresponsible spending of the organisation’s funds. He dissolved the organisation and nominated a committee to reorganise it. The intervention of Verro caused discontent, in particular with the former secretary Francesco Piazza. The dissenters wanted to organise a demonstration the next dat, but were stopped by Verro, claiming that violence against the tax tollhouses and municipality would be counterproductive and that in the strctly organized movement in Corleone these kinds of disorders did not happen.〔 However, after Verro left, the protests did erupt.
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